Friday 28 January 2022

Looking Ahead: Night Vision System in New Opel Grandland

  • Opel premiere: Camera-based Night Vision system debuts in new Opel Grandland
  • Early detection: Up to 100 metres of infrared vision
  • At a glance: All Night Vision functions and advantages video
  • Twofold safety: Night Vision and IntelliLux LED Pixel Light turn night into day

Night Vision detects people and animals up to 100 metres ahead of the Opel Grandland in the direction of travel, based on their temperature difference from the surroundings

New Opel Grandland is packed with state-of-the-art technologies and assistance systems that make driving more comfortable, easier and above all safer. One of these technologies that shines now in winter when it is dark and visibility is poor is Night Vision. New SUV flagship, which is also available as a powerful and efficient plug-in hybrid, is the first Opel model to feature the Night Vision system. Like the adaptive IntelliLux LED Pixel Light, it helps Grandland drivers spot people and animals crucial moments earlier. Both systems turn night into day and increase the safety of all road users at dusk and in the dark.

Opel Vizor with Night Vision and IntelliLux LED Pixel Light

New Opel Grandland combines pure, bold design with top technologies. Not only is the new Opel Vizor brand face an immediate eye-catcher, it also cleverly integrates innovative systems, making them virtually invisible to the naked eye and thus seamlessly unifying design and technology. One of these is the camera-based Night Vision system, which celebrates its Opel premiere in the Grandland. A YouTube video shows how Night Vision works and the advantages it offers in just under one minute.

Infrared camera concealed under the Opel Vizor makes driving at night safer, especially on poorly lit roads such as country lanes or in the forest. Night Vision detects people and animals up to 100 metres ahead of the Grandland in the direction of travel, based on their temperature difference from the surroundings. As soon as the camera detects the pedestrian, cyclist or animal at the side of the road, it shows their position in the twelve-inch Driver Info Center in the digital Pure Panel cockpit. Person or animal in front of the vehicle is highlighted in colour, clearly distinguished from the surroundings. With this system (which in Germany is available for the Ultimate and Business Elegance trim lines) Grandland drivers can recognise a potentially dangerous situation decisive moments earlier and adjust their speed or take evasive action in good time.

New Opel Grandland: 12-inch Driver Info Center in the digital Pure Panel cockpit

Night Vision is available in the new Opel Grandland in combination with the adaptive IntelliLux LED Pixel Light. Also integrated behind the Opel Vizor, the pioneering lighting technology with 168 LED elements – 84 per headlamp – provides a seamless adaptation of the light beam according to the driving situation and surroundings, without glare for other traffic. Matrix function precisely cuts out oncoming traffic in milliseconds, while the other areas remain fully illuminated with main beam. Together, the two systems provide twofold safety, turning night into day and ensuring relaxed driving at all times, even in adverse light conditions.

New Opel Grandland: IntelliLux LED Pixel Light

Friday 21 January 2022

High-Tech All-Wheel Drive with Opel Grandland Hybrid4, Opel Insignia and Opel Insignia GSi

  • Fun and safety in winter: Opel flagships with advanced four-wheel drive systems
  • Extra efficient: Opel Grandland Hybrid4 1 with up to 300 hp system power
  • Optimum AWD: Opel Insignia and Opel Insignia GSi 1 with torque vectoring

New Opel Grandland Hybrid4

Opel has the ideal all-wheel drive cars for this year’s winter sports season: new Opel Grandland Hybrid4 – the top-of-the-range SUV (WLTP fuel consumption1 1.3-1.2 l/100 km, CO2 emissions 31-29 g/km; weighted, combined) – Opel Insignia (WLTP fuel consumption1 6.7-5.7 l/100 km, CO2 emissions 175-149 g/km; weighted, combined) and the thoroughbred Opel Insignia GSi (WLTP fuel consumption1 8.8-7.9 l/100 km, CO2 emissions 200-179 g/km; weighted, combined) not only make driving on ice and snow great fun; the state-of-the-art all-wheel drive systems of the Opel flagships also offer high safety. Opel customers can choose from an innovative electric AWD SUV or a limousine or Sports Tourer estate with torque vectoring AWD.

New Opel Grandland Hybrid4: Best of both worlds

Opel Grandland Hybrid4: Combines the power of a 1.6 turbocharged petrol engine and two electric motors for a system power output of up to 221 kW (300 hp)

New Opel Grandland Hybrid4 combines the power of a 1.6 turbocharged petrol engine and two electric motors for a system power output of up to 221 kW (300 hp). Electric unit consists of two electric motors at the front and rear axles. Power of the front electric drive corresponds to 81 kW (110 hp) and that of the rear 83 kW (113 hp). Front electric motor transfers its power to the front wheels via an electrified eight-speed automatic transmission. Second electric motor and the differential are integrated in the rear axle, which turns Opel Grandland Hybrid4 into a permanent all-wheel drive vehicle with optimum traction. Also, the high torque of the electric motors is available right from the first squeeze of the accelerator, delivering optimum traction on slippery surfaces. Maximum speed of the electric plug-in hybrid is 235 km/h.

Four Opel Grandland drive modes: Traction for hills, efficiency for downtown

With the Opel Grandland Hybrid4, drivers can choose between four different driving modes depending on their preferences and requirements:

In “All-Wheel Drive” mode, Opel Grandland Hybrid4 is driven by the front and rear wheels.

  • “Sport” mode combines the power of the combustion engine and the electric motor for an especially dynamic driving style.
  • In “Electric” mode, the Grandland Hybrid4 is driven purely by electricity. In most cases drive is delivered by the rear electric motor, plus the front motor when the driver demands more power by pressing the accelerator. On kick-down, the combustion engine is temporarily additionally engaged for maximum power. Maximum speed when driven purely electrically is 135 km/h.
  • “Hybrid” mode focuses on optimising the vehicle's fuel consumption. Combustion engine and electric motor(s) operate together or alternately, depending on driving conditions and driving style.

Regenerative braking captures kinetic energy during deceleration that would otherwise be dissipated as heat. The customer can choose from two recuperation modes that turn the electric motors into generators, so that electrical energy can be returned to the 13.2 kWh battery and stored.

Opel Insignia GSi: Twinster AWD and FlexRide suspension

Opel Insignia GSi

Opel Insignia with 128 kW (174 hp) turbo-diesel and the ultra-dynamic Opel Insignia GSi with 169 kW (230 hp) direct-injection petrol turbo feature state-of-the-art Twinster all-wheel drive with a rear drive module that uses a twin clutch system without differential. Torque goes to one or both of the rear wheels independently, enabling torque-vectoring capability across the car’s full performance range. When cornering, higher torque goes to the outside rear wheel. Opel Insignia as Grand Sport limousine and Sports Tourer estate therefore turn in with even more precision, reacting even more spontaneously to inputs from the driver.

Opel Insignia GSi: Twinster All-Wheel Drive with a rear drive module that uses a twin clutch system without differential

Opel Insignia with AWD comes as standard with mechatronic FlexRide adaptive suspension, which adapts shock absorbers and steering in fractions of a second. In addition, FlexRide changes the characteristic of the accelerator as well as the shift-points of the eight-speed (Insignia) or nine-speed (GSi) automatic transmission. Driver can choose between the driving modes “Standard”, “Tour”, “Sport” and – exclusively for the GSi – “Competition”. A double-press of the “ESP off” switch enables particularly skilled drivers to explore the outer limits of the Insignia GSi’s driving dynamics, unassisted by ESP. For an even more active driving experience, the nine-speed automatic transmission is operable via paddles on the steering wheel.

With its advanced Twinster all-wheel drive and FlexRide adaptive suspension, Opel Insignia is at home on snow-covered mountain passes as well as on wintry country roads.

[1] Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions figures mentioned comply with the World Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP). WLTP replaces the New European Drive Cycle (NEDC), which was the test procedure used previously.

Wednesday 19 January 2022

Opel Increases Market Share in Western Europe in 2021

  • Strong overall performance in home market of Germany
  • Opel Corsa best-selling small car in Germany
  • Vauxhall Corsa best-selling car in UK, Vauxhall number one e-LCV brand

Opel Corsa: best-selling small car in Germany

Opel’s extensive model offensive is gaining traction across Western Europe 1 with the Rüsselsheim-based brand growing its market share in 2021 according to official data published by the European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association (ACEA). Despite the ongoing Corona pandemic and the global semiconductor shortage, Opel’s passenger car market share was up by 0.1 percentage points compared to 2020 to 4.3 percent.

Opel Mokka GS Line and Opel Mokka-e

“We have one of the youngest product line-ups on the market and we have outstanding performers in the Opel  Corsa or the Opel Mokka – including their battery electric versions,” said Opel CEO Uwe Hochgeschurtz. “We are now in an ideal position to go on the offensive and grow our market share even further. We expect further momentum from our new Opel Astra and Opel Astra Sports Tourer along with the new Opel Grandland with these three newcomers also coming as exciting hybrid variants from the start.”

 All-New Opel Astra and Opel Astra Sports Tourer

Opel’s improved performance comes on the back of a strong performance in Germany where the brand with the Blitz was the biggest winner among the volume manufacturers. Opel achieved a market share of 6.2 percent for the full year with a total of around 162,000 newly registered cars in its important German home market, the largest automotive market in Europe. This represents an increase of almost 1.2 percentage points compared to 2020.

New Opel Grandland 

Opel Corsa made a significant contribution to the brand’s successful performance on its home market and is very much in demand. Sixth generation of the best-selling small car was sold almost 50,000 times in Germany alone in 2021. This makes Opel Corsa the most popular small car on the German market over the course of the last 12 months.

Elsewhere, the Corsa also excelled in the UK. With almost 41,000 units sold in 2021 the small car has taken over as the UK’s best-selling new car. In further good news from the UK, the Vivaro-e was the best-selling battery-electric LCV in 2021 and Vauxhall the number one e-LCV brand.

Vauxhall Vivaro-e

[1] EU 14 + EFTA + UK

Monday 10 January 2022

E for emissions-free: Opel with Consistent Focus on Electrification

  • From 2022: Opel Combo Life, Vivaro Combi and Zafira Life exclusively with electric drive
  • Until the end of the year: Environmental bonus of €9,000 extended in Germany
  • As of 2024 already: Electrified version of each Opel model
  • From 2028: Exclusively battery-electric passenger cars in Europe
Opel is continuing to consistently roll out its electrification offensive in the New Year. Eleven Opel models will be electrified by mid-2022 – including Opel’s entire light commercial vehicle (LCV) range. En route to an emissions-free fleet, some models will exclusively be offered as battery-electric variants this year already. Customers can now order the Opel Combo Life, Vivaro Combi and Zafira Life exclusively with an electric drive. In Germany, the state and manufacturers jointly subsidise the purchase of electric cars with up to €9,000. Innovation bonus is still valid in this form until the end of 2022. A corresponding application for the environmental bonus must be submitted to the Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA).

“There is no alternative to electrification. In the future, Opel will gain even more traction with environmentally friendly innovations. And what shows us the rapid change again very clearly: From 2024, we will offer an electrified version of every Opel model, without exception. In other words, the successors to Opel Crossland and Opel Insignia will also be electrified. Our statement is clear: From 2028, we will exclusively sell battery-electric vehicles in Europe,” said Opel CEO Uwe Hochgeschurtz.

New Opel Astra Hybrid

In the coming months, the new generation of the Opel Astra will be the linchpin of the Rüsselsheim-based brand’s electrification offensive. After celebrating its premiere in September 2021, all-new Opel Astra five-door will arrive at customers in the spring – and will be available as a plug-in hybrid right from the start. In 2023, the purely battery-electric Opel Astra-e will complete the range. Emissions-free product portfolio with the Blitz already ranges from the Opel Rocks-e lightweight vehicle to the large Opel Movano-e van.

New Opel Movano-e van

Opel Combo-e Life and the Opel Zafira-e Life are already very successful in the market. Both MPVs are powered by a 100 kW/136 hp electric motor. With its 50 kWh lithium-ion battery, the Combo-e-Life achieves a range of up to 280 kilometres in accordance with the WLTP 1, depending on the driving profile, outside temperature and use. When necessary, it takes around only 30 minutes for the battery to reach 80 per cent state-of-charge at a public DC fast charging station.

Opel Combo-e Life

With the large Opel Zafira-e Life, the customer can choose between a 50 kWh lithium-ion battery (231 kilometres range according to WLTP 1) and a battery with 75 kWh for a first-class range of up to 329 kilometres according to WLTP 1. Opel Zafira-e Life is available in three vehicle lengths with space for up to nine people.


 Opel Zafira-e Life

In addition to plug-in hybrid and battery-electric models, Opel can also already offer a plug-in fuel cell electric vehicle. Opel Vivaro-e HYDROGEN is based on the existing battery electric Opel Vivaro-e, the “International Van of the Year 2021”. Newcomer has a fuel cell drive combined with a plug-in battery and with full tanks of hydrogen, the driving range is more than 400 kilometres (WLTP 1). First Opel Vivaro-e HYDROGEN off the production line will begin its emissions-free work in the fleet of the German manufacturer of premium domestic appliances, Miele.

Opel Vivaro-e HYDROGEN

However, Opel is not only on the way to a CO2-neutral future with its models and drive alternatives – something the brand is currently proving at several locations. This year, Opel and Stellantis are pushing ahead with the plans to build the battery cell gigafactory in Kaiserslautern. And in Rüsselsheim, the project is taking shape to transform the Opel headquarters into a green campus as the future German headquarters of Stellantis.

[1] Range determined according to WLTP test procedure methodology (R (EC) No. 715/2007, R (EU) No. 2017/1151). The actual range can vary under everyday conditions and depends on various factors, in particular on personal driving style, route characteristics, outside temperature, use of heating and air conditioning and thermal preconditioning.

Thursday 6 January 2022

Start of production for the new Opel Grandland in Eisenach

  • Start of production with Prime Minister Bodo Ramelow and Opel CEO Uwe Hochgeschurtz
  • Opel is consistently continuing its electrification strategy with the new Grandland
  • New Opel Grandland with digital Pure Panel cockpit and innovative assistance systems

Thuringia's Prime Minister Bodo Ramelow (left) and Opel CEO Uwe Hochgeschurtz (right) with the new Opel Grandland Hybrid4

Starting shot for the new Opel Grandland in Eisenach: Opel CEO Uwe Hochgeschurtz and Thuringia's Prime Minister Bodo Ramelow were on site in Eisenach today when the German manufacturer's first SUV flagship rolled off the assembly line. At the start of series production, an Opel Grandland Hybrid4 in Ultimate equipment with electric all-wheel drive and a system output of 221 kW / 300 PS was produced in the Thuringian plant (fuel consumption according to WLTP 1 : 1.3-1.2 l / 100 km, CO 2 - Emissions 31-29 g / km; combined, efficiency class A +).

"Packed with innovative technologies, with the fully digital Pure Panel cockpit and a highly efficient drive portfolio including two plug-in hybrids, the new Grandland will give us further momentum," says Opel CEO Uwe Hochgeschurtz at the Eisenach plant. "I'm already looking forward to seeing our SUV flagship at dealerships in February and then in customer hands."

Opel CEO Uwe Hochgeschurtz (left) and Thuringia's Prime Minister Bodo Ramelow (right) with the new Opel Grandland Hybrid4

"We are pleased that the new Opel Grandland can now roll off the production line here in Eisenach," emphasizes Xavier Chéreau, Opel supervisory board chairman and Stellantis HR manager. "The social dialogue has once again led to constructive solutions that benefit the competitiveness of the location - which is all the more important in view of the far-reaching change in the automotive industry."

“Team did a fantastic job despite many pandemic-related restrictions. With the new Grandland we are opening another chapter in the successful history of the plant. We are pleased to now deliver Opel's SUV flagship in the usual Eisenach top quality, ”says plant manager Jörg Escher.

Opel is continuing its electrification strategy with the new Grandland and is offering two plug-in hybrids: System output of the Grandland Hybrid is 165 kW / 224 PS; in addition, it delivers a maximum torque of 360 Newton meters (fuel consumption according to WLTP: 1.4-1.3 l / 100 km, CO 2 emissions 32-30 g / km; combined, efficiency class A +). Power is sent to the front axle via a convenient eight-speed automatic. As a 4x4 variant with an additional electric motor on the rear axle, Opel Grandland Hybrid4 even offers a system output of 221 kW / 300 PS and a powerful 520 Newton meters of maximum torque.

Opel Grandland Hybrid4

At an attractive entry-level price of 28,790 euros (RRP including VAT), the new Grandland in the Business Edition has numerous state-of-the-art assistance systems. Standard repertoire includes the front collision warning with automatic emergency braking, pedestrian detection, lane keeping assistant, traffic sign and drowsiness detection as well as the cruise control with intelligent speed limiter.

Opel Grandland Hybrid4: Interior with Pure Panel - fully digital cockpit

With the new Pure Panel, drivers and passengers can also enjoy a fully digital cockpit world. Smartphones can be easily connected to the infotainment systems via Apple CarPlay and Android Auto. Another real highlight is the optionally available adaptive IntelliLux LED Pixel light with a total of 168 LED elements, which, like the Night Vision system, is celebrating its premiere in the Grandland. In addition, the new Grandland shines with the new brand face, the Opel Vizor.


[1] Fuel consumption and CO 2 emission values ​​mentioned were determined using the WLTP test procedure and converted into NEDC values ​​in order to ensure comparability with other vehicles (Regulation (EC) No. 715/2007, Regulation (EU) No. 2017/1153 and Regulation (EU) No. 2017/1151).

Wednesday 5 January 2022

Opel with significant market share growth in Germany in 2021

  • 15th month in succession with market share growth in Germany
  • Full year market share up by almost 1.2 percentage points on 2020 to circa 6.2%
  • Opel Corsa best-selling small car in Germany

Opel Corsa-e 

Opel closed 2021 with a substantial increase in market share. According to preliminary figures, Opel achieved a market share of circa 6.2 percent for the full year with a total of around 162,000 newly registered cars in its important German home market, the largest automotive market in Europe. This represents an increase of almost 1.2 percentage points compared to 2020.

Despite the challenging environment, Opel continued its upwards trajectory of recent months in December and has now increased its market share for 15 successive months. With almost 15,000 newly registered cars, the Rüsselsheim-based brand achieved a market share of 6.5 percent – almost 1.4 percentage points above the figure for December 2020.

“We are delighted with the strong development in our German home market. We want to continue this trend in 2022. We have an outstanding product plan with a high percentage of electrified vehicles. In addition, customers can look forward to highly attractive newcomers in the Opel Astra, the Astra Sports Tourer and the Grandland,” said Opel CEO Uwe Hochgeschurtz.

All-New Opel Astra & Astra Sports Tourer

“A big compliment to the dealers who, despite the adverse conditions, played a key role in this development. We can look forward to the New Year with optimism," added Andreas Marx, Head of Opel Germany.

New Opel Grandland

Opel Corsa made a significant contribution to the successful performance. Sixth generation of the best-selling small car was sold almost 50,000 times in Germany alone in 2021. This makes Opel Corsa the most popular small car on the German market over the course of the last 12 months. In November, the Corsa was even the best-selling car in Germany. New Opel Mokka is also a bestseller – according to preliminary figures Opel Mokka took second place in the SUV B segment in December.

New Opel Mokka-e

Ongoing popularity of the battery-electric models Opel Corsa-e (winner of the Golden Steering Wheel 2020) 1 and Opel Mokka-e in December is particularly pleasing. Of the total of 4,900 newly registered Corsa, almost a quarter were electric. Proportion of all-electric Mokka was even higher. Around 30% of customers received a Mokka-e, the winner of the Golden Steering Wheel 2021. 2

Opel CEO Uwe Hochgeschurtz

[1] AUTO BILD and BILD am SONNTAG edition 45/2021, category for “Small cars”

[2] AUTO BILD edition 45/2021 and BILD am SONNTAG edition 46/2021, category for “Best car under €25,000” incl. environmental bonus.

Monday 3 January 2022

Emotional, Efficient, Electric: 2022 Will be year of the Opel Astra

  • Spring: All-New Opel Astra five-door rolls out to customers
  • Summer: Dealer-premiere for all-new Opel Astra Sports Tourer
  • Anniversary year: Opel will be 160, Kadett 60; Corsa to celebrate its 40th birthday

All-New Opel Astra five-door & Astra Sports Tourer

In 2022, the tradition-rich German carmaker will continue on its journey towards becoming an efficient, electric, emotional brand. Important Opel vehicles – above all-new Astra generation – will hit the road in the coming months.

All-New Opel Astra five-door

2022 is special for Opel for another reason too. Year will mark the 160th anniversary of Adam Opel laying the foundations for a company that evolved from a sewing machine factory and the world's largest bicycle manufacturer to an internationally respected automotive brand. After 160 years Opel is now transforming itself again, from an automobile manufacturer to an electric mobility service provider. By 2028 Opel will offer only electric vehicles in Europe.

All-New Opel Astra Sports Tourer

“We are already realising the automotive future today – bold and pure in design, emotional and electrifying in every way,” said Opel CEO, Uwe Hochgeschurtz. “Our compact-class best-sellers, the Astra and Astra Sports Tourer, take to the roads in 2022, along with the new Grandland. In addition, we recently completed our line-up of CO2-free, sustainable propulsion systems with the Vivaro-e HYDROGEN, a fuel cell light commercial vehicle that meets every demand. These models are important milestones with which we will extend our success in 2022.”

New Opel Astra, Opel Grandland and Opel Rocks-e

Right at the start of the year, Opel will be back in full swing at the Eisenach plant. Production of the new Grandland (including the electric plug-in hybrid variants) will start there in January and the SUV flagship will soon be rolling to the first customers. New Rocks-e has already arrived. Opel’s first SUM (Sustainable Urban Mobility) can be driven in Germany by 15-year-olds who hold an AM driving licence 2.

New Opel Rocks-e

While Opel’s smallest, Rocks-e, is drawing attention in city traffic, largest Opel, new Movano, will also enter active service – also as the all-electric Movano-e. This means that customers can now choose a battery-electric version of every Opel light commercial vehicle. 

New all-electric Opel Movano-e

In addition, since the end of this year, the new Opel Vivaro-e HYDROGEN fuel cell electric van is also in the transportation business, with a driving range of more than 400 kilometres in the WLTP cycle 3 and hydrogen-refuelling in just three minutes.

Opel Vivaro-e HYDROGEN

Opel therefore continues to drive forward the electrification of the brand and its models – from light vehicles (aka quadricycles) to light commercial vehicles. Focus of attention in the coming months will be the all-new generation of the Opel Astra. After its premiere in September 2021, the new five-door Astrawill be available to customers as early as next spring, also as a powerful and efficient plug-in hybrid. All-electric Opel Astra-e will complete the offer in 2023. All-new Opel Astra Sports Tourer will celebrate its official world premiere soon. Estate version of the best-seller will also be available with both conventional and electric plug-in hybrid drive next summer. By mid-2022, 11 Opel models will be electrified, including the entire LCV portfolio.

Opel Anniversary-Year 2022

Opel has a long tradition of developing its brand and models to meet the challenges of the future. In the 160th year of the company's history, this is demonstrated in particular by the successful Astra and Corsa. Latter first saw the light of day 40 years ago, in autumn 1982. 

In 1982, first Opel Corsa rolled off the assembly line. Spanish King Juan Carlos I. inaugurates production at the Opel plant in Zaragoza 

Since then, the best-selling small car has repeatedly underlined how Opel makes top technologies efficient, tangible and affordable for customers in every vehicle class, with top registration statistics and with numerous awards.

It is not without reason that the Astra and its predecessor, the Kadett, are widely perceived as constant benchmarks in the compact class. Sixty years ago, Opel Kadett A was launched, a car that was to play a decisive role in shaping its market sector for decades to come. Both model series – Kadett/Astra and Corsa – still combine tradition with innovation in each new generation and are now making future mobility a reality with electrified drivetrains.

Opel is well on the way to a CO2-free future, and not just with its models and propulsion systems. The brand is also demonstrating this progress at several sites. For example, Opel and Stellantis are pushing ahead with plans to build the battery cell “giga-factory” in Kaiserslautern next year. Meanwhile in Rüsselsheim, the plan to transform the Opel headquarters into a green campus as the future German headquarters of Stellantis is taking firm shape.

Future German headquarters of Opel & Stellantis

“2022 will truly be an electrifying year for Opel and all the brand's customers, friends and fans”, said the head of Opel Germany, Andreas Marx

[1] AUTO BILD edition 45/2021 and BILD am SONNTAG edition 46/2021, category for “Best car under €25,000” incl. environmental bonus.

[2] Applies to four-wheeled light motor vehicles with a rated continuous/utilised power not exceeding 6 kW, with no more than two seats and a maximum speed not exceeding 45 km/h.

[3] Provisional range determined according to WLTP test procedure methodology (R (EC) No. 715/2007, R (EU) No. 2017/1151). Actual range can vary under everyday conditions and depends on various factors, in particular on personal driving style, route characteristics, outside temperature, use of heating and air conditioning and thermal preconditioning.